This document provides a comprehensive overview of global military, geopolitical, and security issues. It explores China’s advancements in cognitive warfare through social media, its military’s use of simulators and a “battlefield metaverse” for training, and its growing focus on future warfare simulations. The report also examines Russia’s ongoing military developments, from the induction of Cossacks into its reserve forces to strategic assessments of its 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Iran’s military activities and geopolitical maneuvers, including its growing presence in Syria and its naval exercises with India, are highlighted. The document further discusses terrorism trends, regional conflicts, and global operational shifts, including military upgrades in Indonesia and the Philippines, and the impact of sanctions on Russian arms flow to Africa.
Distribution A: Approved for public release
