This OE Watch contains 45 foreign article reviews spanning over 30 different regions and countries covering Operational Environment topics from the foreign perspective for the US Army leader, development, training and education community, as well as others in governmental, analytic, and academic communities.

This issue can be downloaded at FMSO’s website: https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/

This particular issue can be downloaded directly at https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/fmso/m/oe-watch-past-issues/359394/download, and its Table of Contents is here:

EURASIA

3 Russia-Pakistan Security Cooperation

4 Russian Military Presence in Armenia and the Region

6 Turkey’s Security Cooperation in Central Asia

7 Dodging the Draft

9 Improving the Officer Promotion System

10 Russian Media: Ukraine Considering Legislation Enabling Forced Relocation of Russians

11 “Red Berets” University Chosen to Train Russian Military Police

12 Russia Launches New GLONASS-K Satellite

14 GLONASS Ground Crew Operations

16 GLONASS General Designer on Improving Navigational Precision

19 Russian Media: US Sanctions Hinder GLONASS Modernization

21 Contract Soldiers and AWOL

22 Russian Concerns over Chinese Espionage

23 Early Lessons-Learned from Nagorno Karabakh

24 Sweden Increases Sub-Arctic Defense

25 Kurile Islands Getting Up-armored

27 A Turkish Perspective: Key Military Takeaways from the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict

INDO-PACIFIC

28 Foreign Perspectives of the Geopolitics of Data Governance

30 Chinese Central Military Commission Issues New Outline of Joint Operations

31 China Lays Out Technology Road Map to Catch Up with the United States

32 China Questions Safety Issues in Military Intelligentization

33 An Indian Perspective on the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD)

35 Indian Defense Chief Sees Collusion Between China and Pakistan

38 Chinese Mobile Apps and China’s Increasing Digital International Presence

MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA

40 IRGC Air Force Unveils Underground Facility and Missile Rail System

41 Iran: We Have Five Years to Grow the Population

42 Iran: Construction Begins on the Chahbahar-Zahedan Railway

43 Iran: Conflicting Assessment of China Talks

44 Is Turkey Preparing for War in Idlib?

46 Syrian Kurdish Commander Discusses Issues Facing Kurds

AFRICA

48 France Reaffirms Counter-Terrorism Commitments with Mali

49 Climate Migration in Sub-Saharan Africa

50 “Good Coups” Present Dilemma for African Union

51 In Africa, China Learns Development May Not Improve Security

52 East African Terrorists Take Advantage of Coastal Security Gaps

53 Kenyan Perspectives on Tanzania’s General Election

54 As Ethiopia Conducts Military Ops in Tigray, the African Union Pushes for Peace

55 South Sudan-Uganda Troops Clash Along Disputed Border

57 South Africa’s Defense Industry in Decline, Looks to Boost Exports

58 Arms Used by al-Shabab Extremists in Somalia Attack Linked to North Korea

LATIN AMERICA

59 ELN Suffers Major Blow

60 Peruvian Presidency in Flux

61 Diplomacy in Bolivia

62 Chileans Will Write a New Constitution

63 Spain Not Sending Ambassador to Venezuela

For more information on this product, please contact:  Mr. Paul (Kent) Baumann (paul.k.baumann2.civ@mail.mil ), Foreign Military Studies Office, Fort Leavenworth, KS

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